谈谈Java加密技术（六）

    接下来我们介绍DSA数字签名，非对称加密的另一种实现。

    DSA

    DSA-Digital Signature Algorithm 是Schnorr和ElGamal签名算法的变种，被美国NIST作为DSS（DigitalSignature Standard）。简单的说，这是一种更高级的验证方式，用作数字签名。不单单只有公钥、私钥，还有数字签名。私钥加密生成数字签名，公钥验证数据及签名。如果数据和签名不匹配则认为验证失败！数字签名的作用就是校验数据在传输过程中不被修改。数字签名，是单向加密的升级！

    1.

    2.

    通过java代码实现如下：

  import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.interfaces.DSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.DSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * DSA安全编码组件
 *
 * @author 梁栋
 * @version 1.0
 * @since 1.0
 */
public abstract class DSACoder extends Coder {

    public static final String ALGORITHM = "DSA";

    /**
     * 默认密钥字节数
     *
     * <pre>
     * DSA
     * Default Keysize 1024
     * Keysize must be a multiple of 64, ranging from 512 to 1024 (inclusive).
     * </pre>
     */
    private static final int KEY_SIZE = 1024;

    /**
     * 默认种子
     */
    private static final String DEFAULT_SEED = "0f22507a10bbddd07d8a3082122966e3";

    private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "DSAPublicKey";
    private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "DSAPrivateKey";

    /**
     * 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
     *
     * @param data
     *            加密数据
     * @param privateKey
     *            私钥
     *
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String sign(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception {
        // 解密由base64编码的私钥
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);

        // 构造PKCS8EncodedKeySpec对象
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);

        // KEY_ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);

        // 取私钥匙对象
        PrivateKey priKey = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);

        // 用私钥对信息生成数字签名
        Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
        signature.initSign(priKey);
        signature.update(data);

        return encryptBASE64(signature.sign());
    }

    /**
     * 校验数字签名
     *
     * @param data
     *            加密数据
     * @param publicKey
     *            公钥
     * @param sign
     *            数字签名
     *
     * @return 校验成功返回true 失败返回false
     * @throws Exception
     *
     */
    public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String publicKey, String sign)
            throws Exception {

        // 解密由base64编码的公钥
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey);

        // 构造X509EncodedKeySpec对象
        X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);

        // ALGORITHM 指定的加密算法
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(ALGORITHM);

        // 取公钥匙对象
        PublicKey pubKey = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);

        Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
        signature.initVerify(pubKey);
        signature.update(data);

        // 验证签名是否正常
        return signature.verify(decryptBASE64(sign));
    }

    /**
     * 生成密钥
     *
     * @param seed
     *            种子
     * @return 密钥对象
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> initKey(String seed) throws Exception {
        KeyPairGenerator keygen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(ALGORITHM);
        // 初始化随机产生器
        SecureRandom secureRandom = new SecureRandom();
        secureRandom.setSeed(seed.getBytes());
        keygen.initialize(KEY_SIZE, secureRandom);

        KeyPair keys = keygen.genKeyPair();

        DSAPublicKey publicKey = (DSAPublicKey) keys.getPublic();
        DSAPrivateKey privateKey = (DSAPrivateKey) keys.getPrivate();

        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);
        map.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);
        map.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);

        return map;
    }

    /**
     * 默认生成密钥
     *
     * @return 密钥对象
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static Map<String, Object> initKey() throws Exception {
        return initKey(DEFAULT_SEED);
    }

    /**
     * 取得私钥
     *
     * @param keyMap
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
            throws Exception {
        Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);

        return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
    }

    /**
     * 取得公钥
     *
     * @param keyMap
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)
            throws Exception {
        Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);

        return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());
    }
}