假设我们要写一个判断用户输入整数奇偶性的程序,可以用以下代码实现:
long num;
cin >> num; if ( num % 2L ) { cout << "Odd!\n"; } else { cout << "Even!\n"; } |
但是这个 if 判断是没必要的,我们可以利用数组来避免:
const char *msg[] = { "Even", "Odd" }; long num;
cin >> num; cout << msg[num & 1L] << '\n'; // can also be `num % 2' |
这种方法不仅对这个程序有效,不少别的应用也可以使用这个方法来减少 if 语句。这个方法也可以用于 C 程序。以下是奇偶判断程序完整代码:
/* * FileName: odd_or_even.cpp * Author: Antigloss at http://stdcpp.cn * LastModifiedDate: 2005-7-22 22:30 * Purpose: Tell if a given number is odd or even */
#include <cstdlib> // for EXIT_SUCCESS #include <iostream> #include <limits> // for numeric_limits
// flush the input buffer inline void flush_stdin() { std::cin.clear(); // clear error state of the stream // clear data left at the input buffer std::cin.ignore( std::numeric_limits< std::streamsize >::max(), '\n' ); } // end of flush_stdin
int main() { long num; const char *msg[] = { "Even", "Odd" };
for (;;) { std::cout << "Please input an integer(q to end): ";
if ( std::cin >> num ) { std::cout << msg[num & 1L] << '\n'; // we can also use `num % 2L' } else { std::cin.clear(); // clear error state before reading from the input stream if ( std::cin.get() == 'q' ) { flush_stdin(); break; } std::cerr << "You should input an INTEGER!\n"; } flush_stdin(); }
std::cout << "Thanks for using our product!\nPress ENTER to quit..."; std::cin.get(); return EXIT_SUCCESS; } |