简介
这篇文章将教你如何使用 Visual C++ 和 ATL 工具和 Microsoft CryptoAPI 建立一个能加/解密数据的组件。
Crypto 101
本文使用Microsoft® Cryptographic Application Programming Interface (CryptoAPI),将苦涩难懂的逻辑算法操作隐藏起来，如果想知道详细信息请参看[url href=http://premium.microsoft.com/msdn/library/]MSDN Library[/url].如果想知道更多的密码系统，我推荐你看看这本书 [url href=http://www.aspzone.com/books/bookRedir.asp?url=http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0471117099/aspzonecom]Bruce Schneier's Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C[/url]
建立组件
首先，用"ATL COM AppWizard”建立一个新project。在这个例子中，我将其命名为”CryptoProj”。在 server type中选择”Dynamic Link Library (DLL)”，点按”Finish”继续。
定义界面
在 insert 菜单中点按"New ATL Object..."，选择 “Simple Object”，然后按 Next。
在 “Names” 栏中，设 short name 为 “Crypto”，其他项照下面的填写。
在 Attributes 栏，确定 Apartment Threading Model 被选上，Support IsupportErrorInfo 选项勾上，然后按 OK.
按右键点击 Icrypto ，点”Add Method”加一个方法.
将该方法取名为”Encrypt”，在参数栏输入"[in] BSTR bstrPlainText, [in] BSTR bstrPassword, [out, retval] VARIANT *vCipherText".
再加一个方法，取名为”Decrypt”，参数为"[in] VARIANT vCipherText, [in] BSTR bstrPassword, [out, retval] BSTR *bstrPlainText"
实现加密方法
需要包括 CryptoAPI 库，在 Crypto.cpp 头加一句： #include <wincrypt.h>
现在来定义我们需要的各种变量。 STDMETHODIMP CCrypto::Encrypt(BSTR bstrPlainText,
BSTR bstrPassword,
VARIANT *vCipherText)
{
BYTE *pbData;
BYTE *pbPassword;
SAFEARRAY* psa;
HCRYPTPROV hProv = 0;
HCRYPTHASH hHash = 0;
HCRYPTKEY hKey = 0;
DWORD dwCryptDataLen = 0;
DWORD dwDataLen = 0;
DWORD dwError = 0;
char buffer[200];
USES_CONVERSION;
由于许多CryptoAPI 调用要用注册表，所以需要执行一句RevertToSelf(). RevertToSelf();
下一步，我们需要将输入变量转化为我们能用的格式。 dwDataLen = SysStringLen(bstrPlainText);
pbData = (BYTE*)OLE2A(bstrPlainText);
pbPassword = (BYTE*)OLE2A(bstrPassword);
然后，用CryptAcquireContext function取得省缺 Crypto provider的句柄。 // Get handle to the default provider.
if (! CryptAcquireContext(&hProv,
"aspZoneCryptoComponent\0", MS_DEF_PROV,
PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_MACHINE_KEYSET))
{
if (! CryptAcquireContext(&hProv,
"aspZoneCryptoComponent\0", MS_DEF_PROV,
PROV_RSA_FULL, (CRYPT_NEWKEYSET |
CRYPT_MACHINE_KEYSET)))
{
dwError = GetLastError();
sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptAcquireContext",
dwError);
return Error(buffer);
}
}
我们通过创建一个 one-way-hash密码得到session key。 // Create a hash object.
if ( ! CryptCreateHash(hProv, CALG_MD5, 0, 0, &hHash)) {
dwError = GetLastError();
sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptCreateHash", dwError);
return Error(buffer);
}
// Hash in the password.
if ( ! CryptHashData(hHash, pbPassword, SysStringLen(bstrPassword), 0)) {
dwError = GetLastError();
sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptHashData", dwError);
return Error(buffer);
}
// Derive a session key from the hash object.
if ( ! CryptDeriveKey(hProv, ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM, hHash, 0, &hKey)) {
dwError = GetLastError();
sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptDeriveKey", dwError);
return Error(buffer);
}
// Destroy hash object.
CryptDestroyHash(hHash);
hHash = 0;
现在来加密我们的数据。 // Encrypt the Data.
dwCryptDataLen = dwDataLen;
if ( ! CryptEncrypt(hKey, 0, true, 0, pbData, &dwCryptDataLen, dwDataLen)) {
dwError = GetLastError();
sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptEncrypt", dwError);
return Error(buffer);
}
我们将加密后的数据放入一个数组中，而不是一个string里，因为它可能会包含null。虽然 BSTR 能处理null的情况，但不能保证用户调用环境能正确处理，所以一个数组是最好的选择。 // Place Encrypted Data into a VARIANT SAFEARRAY of VARIANT BYTE
SAFEARRAYBOUND rgsabound[] = {dwCryptDataLen, 0};
psa = SafeArrayCreate(VT_VARIANT, 1, rgsabound);
VARIANT* rgElems;
SafeArrayAccessData(psa, (LPVOID*)&rgElems);
for(DWORD i=0;i<dwCryptDataLen;i++){
VariantInit(&rgElems[i]);
rgElems[i].vt = VT_UI1;
rgElems[i].uiVal = pbData[i];
}
SafeArrayUnaccessData(psa);
VariantInit(vCipherText);
vCipherText->vt = (VT_ARRAY | VT_VARIANT) ;
vCipherText->parray = psa;
稍微整理一下，搞定。 // Destroy session key.
if(hKey) CryptDestroyKey(hKey);
// Release provider handle.
if(hProv) CryptReleaseContext(hProv, 0);
return S_OK;
实现解密方法
首先定义变量。 STDMETHODIMP CCrypto::Decrypt(VARIANT vCipherText,
BSTR bstrPassword,
BSTR *bstrPlainText)
{
HCRYPTPROV hProv = 0;
HCRYPTHASH hHash = 0;
HCRYPTKEY hKey = 0;
SAFEARRAY* psa;
VARIANT HUGEP *pVar;
BYTE *pbData;
BYTE *pbPassword;
long lBound, uBound;
DWORD dwCryptDataLen = 0;
DWORD dwOffset = 0;
DWORD dwError = 0;
char buffer[200];
USES_CONVERSION;
同样的原因，我们要调用RevertToSelf() RevertToSelf();
现在，当接收一个数组参数作为变量，该数组可能藏在结构中的某个地方，所以需要一个判断嵌套。 //Get the safe array out of the Variant.
if (vCipherText.vt == (VT_VARIANT | VT_BYREF))
{
if (vCipherText.pvarVal->vt == (VT_ARRAY | VT_VARIANT))
SafeArrayCopy(vCipherText.pvarVal->parray, &psa);
else
{
if (vCipherText.pvarVal->vt == (VT_ARRAY | VT_VARIANT | VT_BYREF))
SafeArrayCopy(*(vCipherText.pvarVal->pparray), &psa);
}
}
else
{
if (vCipherText.vt == (VT_ARRAY | VT_VARIANT | VT_BYREF))
SafeArrayCopy(*(vCipherText.pparray), &psa);
else
{
if (vCipherText.vt == (VT_ARRAY | VT_VARIANT))
SafeArrayCopy(vCipherText.parray, &psa);
else
return DISP_E_TYPEMISMATCH;
}
}
需要密文和密码都是BYTE*类型。 //Convert the SAFEARRAY into a form we can use.
SafeArrayAccessData(psa, (void HUGEP* FAR*)&pVar);
SafeArrayGetLBound(psa, 1, &lBound);
SafeArrayGetUBound(psa, 1, &uBound);
dwOffset = 0 - lBound;
dwCryptDataLen = uBound + dwOffset + 1;
//Allocate memory
pbData = (BYTE *)malloc(dwCryptDataLen);
//Copy the array
for(DWORD i = lBound; i <= uBound; i++){ if( ! (pVar[i].vt & VT_UI1)){ //Data Elements must be VT_UI1 (Bytes). free(pbData); return DISP_E_TYPEMISMATCH; } pbData[i + dwOffset]="pVar[i].uiVal;" } //Get Password pbPassword="(BYTE*)OLE2A(bstrPassword);</PRE">
取得 Crypto Provider 的句柄。 // Get handle to the default provider.
if (! CryptAcquireContext(&hProv, "aspZoneCryptoComponent\0",
MS_DEF_PROV, PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_MACHINE_KEYSET))
{
if (! CryptAcquireContext(&hProv, "aspZoneCryptoComponent\0",
MS_DEF_PROV, PROV_RSA_FULL, (CRYPT_NEWKEYSET | CRYPT_MACHINE_KEYSET)))
{
dwError = GetLastError();
sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptAcquireContext", dwError);
return Error(buffer);
}
}
从 password 中得到 session key. // Create a hash object.
if ( ! CryptCreateHash(hProv, CALG_MD5, 0, 0, &hHash)) {
dwError = GetLastError();
sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptCreateHash", dwError);
return Error(buffer);
}
// Hash in the password.
if ( ! CryptHashData(hHash, pbPassword, SysStringLen(bstrPassword), 0)) {
dwError = GetLastError();
sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptHashData", dwError);
return Error(buffer);
}
// Derive a session key from the hash object.
if ( ! CryptDeriveKey(hProv, ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM, hHash, 0, &hKey)) {
dwError = GetLastError();
sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptDeriveKey", dwError);
return Error(buffer);
}
// Destroy hash object.
CryptDestroyHash(hHash);
hHash = 0;
将密文解密到纯文本中。 // Decrypt the Data.
if ( ! CryptDecrypt(hKey, 0, true, 0, pbData, &dwCryptDataLen)) {
dwError = GetLastError();
sprintf(buffer, "Error %x during CryptDecrypt", dwError);
return Error(buffer);
}
//Terminate the string with a null
pbData[dwCryptDataLen] = NULL;
设置返回值，大扫除，然后搞定。 //Place Decrypted data into retval
*bstrPlainText = SysAllocString(A2OLE((const char *)pbData));
// Destroy session key.
if(hKey) CryptDestroyKey(hKey);
// Release provider handle.
if(hProv) CryptReleaseContext(hProv, 0);
return S_OK;
}