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简单form标准化实例——整体布局

       form无论是在网站的制作中，还是在网站的重构中，我们都会频繁地“碰面”，当“碰面”的次数多了，反而觉得他更让人迷茫，有种熟悉的“陌生”，越来越把握不了他。

      下面我们将带大家走进form的世界，一起来熟悉、探讨、掌握他的“脾性”。

       对于简单form的设计图（如图一，yahoo注册页面的一部分），我们如何来做整体的布局呢？大体我们可以选用以下3种方式来做布局：

1、使用table来布局

      这是大家最常用的方法，虽然现在到处都在谈标准化，甚至更多的在说div+css，但怿飞还是推荐大家使用table来布局form。对于标准，个人的另类理解“更符合逻辑，更效率快捷”。

      为什么推荐大家使用呢？table本就是用来显示二维数据，用table来布局form可以说是他的“老本行”。另外重要的一点是，对于复杂的form，table能更有效的进行布局和维护修改，体现了效率和易用。

     在布局之前，先温习一下table的部分标签：

  • table：显示二维数据
  • summary：定义表格的用途
  • caption：定义表格的标题，在表格开始的地方使用，仅一次
  • tr：表格中的一行
  • th：表头单元格，定义一行或者一列的表头信息
  • td：数据单元格

      下面我们具体来对图一的设计图进行整体布局：

XHTML部分:

<form id="demoform" class="democss" action="">

<table summary="使用table来布局的演示" id="demo">

<caption>
Registration example form
</caption>

<tr>
<th><span class="required">*</span> <label for="fname" accesskey="F">First name:</label></th>
<td><input type="text" id="fname" value="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><span class="required">*</span> <label for="lname" accesskey="L">Last name:</label></th>
<td><input type="text" id="lname" value="" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><span class="required">*</span> <label for="content" accesskey="C">Preferred content:</label></th>
<td>
<select name="content" id="content">
<option value="us" selected="selected">Yahoo! U.S.</option>
<option value="e1">Yahoo! U.S. in Spanish</option>
<option value="b5">Yahoo! U.S. in Chinese</option>
<option value="cn">Yahoo! China</option>
<option value="uk">Yahoo! United Kingdom</option>
<option value="ar">Yahoo! Argentina</option>
<option value="aa">Yahoo! Asia</option>
<option value="au">Yahoo! Australia</option>
<option value="br">Yahoo! Brazil</option>
<option value="ca">Yahoo! Canada in English</option>
<option value="cf">Yahoo! Canada in French</option>
<option value="fr">Yahoo! France</option>
<option value="de">Yahoo! Germany</option>
<option value="hk">Yahoo! Hong Kong</option>
<option value="in">Yahoo! India</option>
<option value="it">Yahoo! Italy</option>
<option value="kr">Yahoo! Korea</option>
<option value="mx">Yahoo! Mexico</option>
<option value="sg">Yahoo! Singapore</option>
<option value="es">Yahoo! Spain</option>
<option value="tw">Yahoo! Taiwan</option>
</select>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><span class="required">*</span> <label for="sex" accesskey="G">Gender:</label></th>
<td>
<select name="sex" id="sex">
<option value="">[Select] </option>
<option value="m">Male</option>
<option value="f">Female</option>
</select>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><span class="required">*</span> <label for="yid" accesskey="Y">Yahoo! ID:</label></th>
<td><input type="text" value="" id="yid"> <span class="b">@yahoo.com</span><br />
<span class="explain">ID may consist of a-z, 0-9, underscores, and a single dot (.)</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><span class="required">*</span> <label for="pw" accesskey="P">Password:</label></th>
<td>
<input type="password" value="" id="pw" /><br />
<span class="explain">Six characters or more; capitalization matters!</span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th><span class="required">*</span> <label for="pw2" accesskey="R">Re-type password:</label></th>
<td><input type="password" value="" id="pw2"/></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th></th>
<td><input type="submit" value="Submit" class="submit"/> <input type="reset" value="Reset" class="submit"/></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>

CSS部分:

* {
  margin:0;
  padding:0;
}

table {
   border-collapse:collapse;
}

input,select {
   font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
   font-size: 12px;
}

.required {
  font:0.8em Verdana !important;
  color:#f68622;
}

.explain {
  color:#808080;
}

.b {
  font-weight:bold;
  font-size:12px;
}

democss table{
  font:11px/12px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  color:#333;
  width:420px;
}

.democss caption {
  display:none;
}

.democss th {
  font-weight:normal;
  text-align:right;
  vertical-align:top;
  padding:4px;
  padding-top:8px;
  width:110px
}

.democss td {
  text-align:left;
  padding:4px;
  width:294px;
}

.democss input {
  width:180px;
}

.democss select#content {
  width:185px;
}

.democss input.submit {
  width:70px;

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>使用label布局的演示</title>
<style type="text/css" media="all">

* {
  margin:0;
  padding:0;
}

input,select {
   font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
   font-size: 12px;
}

.required {
  font:0.8em Verdana !important;
  color:#f68622;
}

.explain {
  color:#808080;
}

.b {
  font-weight:bold;
  font-size:12px;
}

.democss {
  font:11px/12px Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  color:#333;
}

.democss p {
  width: 298px;
  clear: left;
  padding:4px;
  padding-left: 122px;
  text-align:left;
  height: 1%;
}

.democss label {
  float: left;
  margin-left: -122px;
  width: 110px;
  padding:4px 4px 0;
  text-align:right;
}

.democss input {
  width:180px;
}

.democss select#content {
  width:185px;
}

.democss input.submit {
  width:70px;
}

div#submit {
  width:298px;
  text-align:left;
  padding:4px;
  padding-left:122px;
}

* html .democss input,* html .democss select{
  margin-left: -3px; 
}

* html div#submit input{
  margin-left: 0px;
}

</style>
</head>

<body>
<form id="demoform" class="democss" action="">

<p>
<label for="fname" accesskey="F"><span class="required">*</span> First name:</label>
<input type="text" id="fname" value="" />
</p>
<p>
<label for="lname" accesskey="L"><span class="required">*</span> Last name:</label>
<input type="text" id="lname" value="" />
</p>
<p>
<label for="content" accesskey="C"><span class="required">*</span> Preferred content:</label>
<select name="content" id="content">
<option value="us" selected="selected">Yahoo! U.S.</option>
<option value="e1">Yahoo! U.S. in Spanish</option>
<option value="b5">Yahoo! U.S. in Chinese</option>
<option value="cn">Yahoo! China</option>
<option value="uk">Yahoo! United Kingdom</option>
<option value="ar">Yahoo! Argentina</option>
<option value="aa">Yahoo! Asia</option>
<option value="au">Yahoo! Australia</option>
<option value="br">Yahoo! Brazil</option>
<option value="ca">Yahoo! Canada in English</option>
<option value="cf">Yahoo! Canada in French</option>
<option value="fr">Yahoo! France</option>
<option value="de">Yahoo! Germany</option>
<option value="hk">Yahoo! Hong Kong</option>
<option value="in">Yahoo! India</option>
<option value="it">Yahoo! Italy</option>
<option value="kr">Yahoo! Korea</option>
<option value="mx">Yahoo! Mexico</option>
<option value="sg">Yahoo! Singapore</option>
<option value="es">Yahoo! Spain</option>
<option value="tw">Yahoo! Taiwan</option>
</select>
</p>
<p>
<label for="sex" accesskey="G"><span class="required">*</span> Gender:</label>
<select name="sex" id="sex">
<option value="">[Select] </option>
<option value="m">Male</option>
<option value="f">Female</option>
</select>
</p>
<p>
<label for="yid" accesskey="Y"><span class="required">*</span> Yahoo! ID:</label>
<input type="text" value="" id="yid"> <span class="b">@yahoo.com</span><br />
<span class="explain">ID may consist of a-z, 0-9, underscores, and a single dot (.)</span>
</p>
<p>
<label for="pw" accesskey="P"><span class="required">*</span> Password:</label>
<input type="password" value="" id="pw" /><br />
<span class="explain">Six characters or more; capitalization matters!</span>
</p>
<p>
<label for="pw2" accesskey="R"><span class="required">*</span> Re-type password:</label>
<input type="password" value="" id="pw2"/>
</p>

<div id="submit">
<input type="submit" value="Submit" class="submit"/> <input type="reset" value="Reset" class="submit"/>
</div>

</form>
</body>
</html>

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