在Nocatalog的情况下，硬盘上的Rman备份集在使用一次后，控制文件发生了变化。
不但备份集中控制文件的文件时间发生了变化，我猜想内容也发生了变化。
之后再次使用这个备份集进行恢复操作，遇到错误。
本文记录了这个过程，以及如何解决。
恢复orapw文件 ：
[oracle@shdemo1 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwdevb password=123456 entries=20
[oracle@shdemo1 dbs]$
[oracle@shdemo1 dbs]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed May 10 15:54:49 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn sys/123456@devb as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
SQL>
SQL> disc
Disconnected
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL>
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 42742804 bytes
Fixed Size 451604 bytes
Variable Size 41943040 bytes
Database Buffers 204800 bytes
Redo Buffers 143360 bytes
SQL>
恢复 spfile:
[oracle@shdemo1 devb]$ rman nocatalog
Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
RMAN> connect target
connected to target database: devb (not mounted)
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
RMAN> set DBID=1179520070
executing command: SET DBID
RMAN> restore spfile from autobackup;
Starting restore at 10-MAY-06
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=10 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20060510
channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20060509
channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20060508
channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20060507
channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20060506
channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20060505
channel ORA_DISK_1: looking for autobackup on day: 20060504
channel ORA_DISK_1: no autobackup in 7 days found
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 05/10/2006 15:57:57
RMAN-06172: no autobackup found or specified handle is not a valid copy or piece
RMAN> restore spfile from '/home/oracle/backup/devb/c-1179520070-20060510-05';
Starting restore at 10-MAY-06
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: autobackup found: /home/oracle/backup/devb/c-1179520070-20060510-05
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from autobackup complete
Finished restore at 10-MAY-06
RMAN>
恢复control file:
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 236000356 bytes
Fixed Size 451684 bytes
Variable Size 201326592 bytes
Database Buffers 33554432 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
SQL>
[oracle@shdemo1 devb]$
[oracle@shdemo1 devb]$
[oracle@shdemo1 devb]$ rman nocatalog
Recovery Manager: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
Copyright (c) 1995, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
RMAN> connect target
connected to target database: devb (not mounted)
using target database controlfile instead of recovery catalog
RMAN> set DBID=1179520070
executing command: SET DBID
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/backup/devb/c-1179520070-20060510-05';
Starting restore at 10-MAY-06
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=14 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring controlfile
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete
replicating controlfile
input filename=/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/control01.ctl
output filename=/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/control02.ctl
output filename=/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/control03.ctl
Finished restore at 10-MAY-06
RMAN> restore database;
.....
RMAN>alter database open resetlogs;
数据库恢复完毕。
使用RMAN恢复，打开数据库使用alter database open resetlogs;
此备份放在硬盘上，只有一份。
此时做试验，将数据库相关文件全部删除后试图用RMAN再次恢复，结果：
spfile 和 controlfile 可以恢复，但是数据文件无法恢复了:
如下所示:
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 10-MAY-06
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=14 devtype=DISK
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 05/10/2006 16:21:43
RMAN-06026: some targets not found - aborting restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 10 found to restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 9 found to restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 8 found to restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 7 found to restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 6 found to restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 5 found to restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 4 found to restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 3 found to restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 2 found to restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 1 found to restore
网上查了一下，原来在尝试恢复中使用了_allow_resetlogs_corruption参数，resetlogs之后，Oracle使用当前的控制文件不允许从这个历史备份集中进行恢复。
由于我没有使用catalog，所以尝试使用dbms_backup_restore进行恢复。
[oracle@shdemo1 devb]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed May 10 16:29:26 2006
Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
SQL>
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01012: not logged on
SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 236000356 bytes
Fixed Size 451684 bytes
Variable Size 201326592 bytes
Database Buffers 33554432 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
SQL> DECLARE
2 devtype varchar2(256);
3 done boolean;
4 BEGIN
5 devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1');
6 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile;
7 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>01, toname=>'/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/system01.dbf');
8 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>02, toname=>'/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/undotbs01.dbf');
9 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>03, toname=>'/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/cwmlite01.dbf');
10 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>04, toname=>'/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/drsys01.dbf');
11 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>05, toname=>'/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/example01.dbf');
12 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>06, toname=>'/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/indx01.dbf');
13 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>07, toname=>'/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/odm01.dbf');
14 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>08, toname=>'/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/tools01.dbf');
15 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>09, toname=>'/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/users01.dbf');
16 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>10, toname=>'/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/xdb01.dbf');
17 sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,handle=>'/home/oracle/backup/devb/df_DEVB_43_1_1.bak', params=>null);
18 sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;
19 END;
20 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> alter database mount;
Database altered.
SQL> recover database;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-01610: recovery using the BACKUP CONTROLFILE option must be done
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-01190: controlfile or data file 1 is from before the last RESETLOGS
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/system01.dbf'
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;
Database altered.
SQL>
原来的controlfile 已不能使用，所以重建controlfile;
trace文件在 user_dump_desc 下。即 /usr/app/oracle/admin/devb/udump
找到最新的trc文件
SQL>
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 236000356 bytes
Fixed Size 451684 bytes
Variable Size 201326592 bytes
Database Buffers 33554432 bytes
Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
SQL>
SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "DEVB" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
2 -- SET STANDBY TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE
3 MAXLOGFILES 50
4 MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
5 MAXDATAFILES 100
6 MAXINSTANCES 1
7 MAXLOGHISTORY 226
8 LOGFILE
9 GROUP 1 '/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/redo01.log' SIZE 100M,
10 GROUP 2 '/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/redo02.log' SIZE 100M,
11 GROUP 3 '/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/redo03.log' SIZE 100M
12 -- STANDBY LOGFILE
13 DATAFILE
14 '/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/system01.dbf',
15 '/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/undotbs01.dbf',
16 '/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/cwmlite01.dbf',
17 '/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/drsys01.dbf',
18 '/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/example01.dbf',
19 '/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/indx01.dbf',
20 '/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/odm01.dbf',
21 '/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/tools01.dbf',
22 '/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/users01.dbf',
23 '/usr/app/oracle/oradata/devb/xdb01.dbf'
24 CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
25 ;
Control file created.
SQL> recover database;
ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors
ORA-01610: recovery using the BACKUP CONTROLFILE option must be done
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 20469549 generated at 05/10/2006 11:52:29 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /usr/app/oracle/product/9.2.0.4/dbs/arch1_3.dbf
ORA-00280: change 20469549 for thread 1 is in sequence #3
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
CANCEL
Media recovery cancelled.
SQL>
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
SQL>