TO_DATE格式
Day: dd number 12 dy abbreviated fri day spelled out friday ddspth spelled out, ordinal twelfth Month: mm number 03 mon abbreviated mar month spelled out march Year: yy two digits 98 yyyy four digits 1998 |
24小时格式下时间范围为: 0:00:00 - 23:59:59....
12小时格式下时间范围为: 1:00:00 - 12:59:59 ....
1.日期和字符转换函数用法(to_date,to_char)
2.select to_char( to_date(222,'J'),'Jsp') from dual
显示Two Hundred Twenty-Two
3.求某天是星期几
select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day') from dual; 星期一 select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American') from dual; monday |
设置日期语言
ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE='AMERICAN'; |
也可以这样
TO_DATE ('2002-08-26', 'YYYY-mm-dd', 'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American') |
4.两个日期间的天数
select floor(sysdate - to_date('20020405','yyyymmdd')) from dual; |
5. 时间为null的用法
select id, active_date from table1 UNION select 1, TO_DATE(null) from dual; |
注意要用TO_DATE(null)
6.a_date between to_date('20011201','yyyymmdd') and to_date('20011231','yyyymmdd')
那么12月31号中午12点之后和12月1号的12点之前是不包含在这个范围之内的。
所以,当时间需要精确的时候,觉得to_char还是必要的
7. 日期格式冲突问题
输入的格式要看你安装的ORACLE字符集的类型, 比如: US7ASCII, date格式的类型就是:
'01-Jan-01' alter system set NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American alter session set NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American |
或者在to_date中写
select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American') from dual; |
注意我这只是举了NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE,当然还有很多,
可查看
select * from nls_session_parameters select * from V$NLS_PARAMETERS |
select count(*) from ( select rownum-1 rnum from all_objects where rownum <= to_date('2002-02-28','yyyy-mm-dd') - to_date('2002- 02-01','yyyy-mm-dd')+1 ) where to_char( to_date('2002-02-01','yyyy-mm-dd')+rnum-1, 'D' ) not in ( '1', '7' ) |
查找2002-02-28至2002-02-01间除星期一和七的天数
在前后分别调用DBMS_UTILITY.GET_TIME, 让后将结果相减(得到的是1/100秒, 而不是毫秒).
9.
select months_between(to_date('01-31-1999','MM-DD-YYYY'), to_date('12-31-1998','MM-DD-YYYY')) "MONTHS" FROM DUAL; 1 select months_between(to_date('02-01-1999','MM-DD-YYYY'), to_date('12-31-1998','MM-DD-YYYY')) "MONTHS" FROM DUAL; 1.03225806451613 |
10. Next_day的用法
Next_day(date, day) Monday-Sunday, for format code DAY Mon-Sun, for format code DY 1-7, for format code D |
11.select to_char(sysdate,'hh:mi:ss') TIME from all_objects
注意:第一条记录的TIME 与最后一行是一样的
可以建立一个函数来处理这个问题
create or replace function sys_date return date is begin return sysdate; end; select to_char(sys_date,'hh:mi:ss') from all_objects; |
12.获得小时数
SELECT EXTRACT(HOUR FROM TIMESTAMP '2001-02-16 2:38:40') from offer SQL> select sysdate ,to_char(sysdate,'hh') from dual; SYSDATE TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH') -------------------- --------------------- 2003-10-13 19:35:21 07 SQL> select sysdate ,to_char(sysdate,'hh24') from dual; SYSDATE TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH24') -------------------- ----------------------- 2003-10-13 19:35:21 19 |
获取年月日与此类似
13.年月日的处理
select older_date, newer_date, years, months, abs( trunc( newer_date- add_months( older_date,years*12+months ) ) ) days from ( select trunc(months_between( newer_date, older_date )/12) YEARS, mod(trunc(months_between( newer_date, older_date )), 12 ) MONTHS, newer_date, older_date from ( select hiredate older_date, add_months(hiredate,rownum)+rownum newer_date from emp ) ) |
14.处理月份天数不定的办法
select to_char(add_months(last_day(sysdate) +1, -2), 'yyyymmdd'),last_day(sysdate) from dual |
15.找出今年的天数
select add_months(trunc(sysdate,'year'), 12) - trunc(sysdate,'year') from dual |
闰年的处理方法
to_char( last_day( to_date('02' || :year,'mmyyyy') ), 'dd' ) |
如果是28就不是闰年
16.yyyy与rrrr的区别
'YYYY99 TO_C ------- ---- yyyy 99 0099 rrrr 99 1999 yyyy 01 0001 rrrr 01 2001 |
17.不同时区的处理
select to_char( NEW_TIME( sysdate, 'GMT','EST'), 'dd/mm/yyyy hh:mi:ss') ,sysdate from dual; |
18.5秒钟一个间隔
Select TO_DATE(FLOOR(TO_CHAR(sysdate,'SSSSS')/300) * 300,'SSSSS') ,TO_CHAR(sysdate,'SSSSS') from dual 2002-11-1 9:55:00 35786 |
SSSSS表示5位秒数
19.一年的第几天
select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DDD'),sysdate from dual 310 2002-11-6 10:03:51 |
20.计算小时,分,秒,毫秒
select Days, A, TRUNC(A*24) Hours, TRUNC(A*24*60 - 60*TRUNC(A*24)) Minutes, TRUNC(A*24*60*60 - 60*TRUNC(A*24*60)) Seconds, TRUNC(A*24*60*60*100 - 100*TRUNC(A*24*60*60)) mSeconds from ( select trunc(sysdate) Days, sysdate - trunc(sysdate) A from dual ) select * from tabname order by decode(mode,'FIFO',1,-1)*to_char(rq,'yyyymmddhh24miss'); // floor((date2-date1) /365) 作为年 floor((date2-date1, 365) /30) 作为月 mod(mod(date2-date1, 365), 30)作为日. |
21.next_day函数
next_day(sysdate,6)是从当前开始下一个星期五。后面的数字是从星期日开始算起。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
日 一 二 三 四 五 六
在oracle中有很多关于日期的函数,如:
22.add_months()用于从一个日期值增加或减少一些月份
date_value:=add_months(date_value,number_of_months) |
例:
SQL> select add_months(sysdate,12) "Next Year" from dual; Next Year ---------- 13-11月-04 SQL> select add_months(sysdate,112) "Last Year" from dual; Last Year ---------- 13-3月 -13 SQL> |
23.current_date()返回当前会放时区中的当前日期
date_value:=current_date SQL> column sessiontimezone for a15 SQL> select sessiontimezone,current_date from dual; SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_DA --------------- ---------- +08:00 13-11月-03 SQL> alter session set time_zone='-11:00' 2 / |
会话已更改。
SQL> select sessiontimezone,current_timestamp from dual; SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP --------------- ------------------------------------ -11:00 12-11月-03 04.59.13.668000 下午 -11: 00 SQL> |
24.current_timestamp()以timestamp with time zone数据类型返回当前会放时区中的当前日期
timestamp_with_time_zone_value:=current_timestamp([timestamp_precision]) SQL> column sessiontimezone for a15 SQL> column current_timestamp format a36 SQL> select sessiontimezone,current_timestamp from dual; SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP --------------- ------------------------------------ +08:00 13-11月-03 11.56.28.160000 上午 +08: 00 SQL> alter session set time_zone='-11:00' 2 / |
会话已更改。
SQL> select sessiontimezone,current_timestamp from dual; SESSIONTIMEZONE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP --------------- ------------------------------------ -11:00 12-11月-03 04.58.00.243000 下午 -11: 00 SQL> |
25.dbtimezone()返回时区
varchar_value:=dbtimezone SQL> select dbtimezone from dual; DBTIME ------ -07:00 SQL> |
26.extract()找出日期或间隔值的字段值
date_value:=extract(date_field from [datetime_value|interval_value]) SQL> select extract(month from sysdate) "This Month" from dual; This Month ---------- 11 SQL> select extract(year from add_months(sysdate,36)) "3 Years Out" from dual; 3 Years Out ----------- 2006 SQL> |
27.last_day()返回包含了日期参数的月份的最后一天的日期
date_value:=last_day(date_value) SQL> select last_day(date'2000-02-01') "Leap Yr?" from dual; Leap Yr? ---------- 29-2月 -00 SQL> select last_day(sysdate) "Last day of this month" from dual; Last day o ---------- 30-11月-03 SQL> |
28.localtimestamp()返回会话中的日期和时间
timestamp_value:=localtimestamp SQL> column localtimestamp format a28 SQL> select localtimestamp from dual; LOCALTIMESTAMP ---------------------------- 13-11月-03 12.09.15.433000 下午 SQL> select localtimestamp,current_timestamp from dual; LOCALTIMESTAMP CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ---------------------------- ------------------------------------ 13-11月-03 12.09.31.006000 13-11月-03 12.09.31.006000 下午 +08: 下午 00 SQL> alter session set time_zone='-11:00'; |
会话已更改。
SQL> select localtimestamp,to_char(sysdate,'DD-MM-YYYY HH:MI:SS AM') "SYSDATE" from dual; LOCALTIMESTAMP SYSDATE ---------------------------- ------------------------ 12-11月-03 05.11.31.259000 13-11-2003 12:11:31 下午 下午 SQL> |
29.months_between()判断两个日期之间的月份数量
number_value:=months_between(date_value,date_value) SQL> select months_between(sysdate,date'1971-05-18') from dual; MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE,DATE'1971-05-18') ---------------------------------------- 389.855143 SQL> select months_between(sysdate,date'2001-01-01') from dual; MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE,DATE'2001-01-01') ---------------------------------------- 34.4035409 SQL> |
31.next_day()给定一个日期值,返回由第二个参数指出的日子第一次出现在的日期值(应返回相应日子的名称字符串)
32.查询某周的第一天
select trunc(decode(ww, 53, to_date(yy || '3112', 'yyyyddmm'), to_date(yy || '-' || to_char(ww * 7), 'yyyy-ddd')), 'd') last_day from (select substr('2004-32', 1, 4) yy, to_number(substr('2004-32', 6)) ww from dual) select trunc(to_date(substr('2003-01',1,5)||to_char((to_number(substr('2003-01',6)))*7),'yyyy-ddd'),'d')-6 first_day from dual select min(v_date) from (select (to_date('200201','yyyymm') + rownum) v_date from all_tables where rownum < 370) where to_char(v_date,'yyyy-iw') = '2002-49' |
33.查询某周的最后一天
select trunc(decode(ww, 53, to_date(yy || '3112', 'yyyyddmm'), to_date(yy || '-' || to_char(ww * 7), 'yyyy-ddd')), 'd') - 6 first_day from (select substr('2004-33', 1, 4) yy, to_number(substr('2004-33', 6)) ww from dual) select trunc(to_date(substr('2003-01',1,5)||to_char((to_number(substr('2003-01',6)))*7),'yyyy-ddd'),'d') last_day from dual select max(v_date) from (select (to_date('200408','yyyymm') + rownum) v_date from all_tables where rownum < 370) where to_char(v_date,'yyyy-iw') = '2004-33' |
34.查询某周的日期
select min_date, to_char(min_date,'day') day from (select to_date(substr('2004-33',1,4)||'001'+rownum-1,'yyyyddd') min_date from all_tables where rownum <= decode(mod(to_number(substr('2004-33',1,4)),4),0,366,365) union select to_date(substr('2004-33',1,4)-1|| decode(mod(to_number(substr('2004-33',1,4))-1,4),0,359,358)+rownum,'yyyyddd') min_date from all_tables where rownum <= 7 union select to_date(substr('2004-33',1,4)+1||'001'+rownum-1,'yyyyddd') min_date from all_tables where rownum <= 7 ) where to_char(min_date,'yyyy-iw') ='2004-33' |
35.在论坛中常常看到有对oracle中时间运算提问的问题,今天有时间,看了看以前各位兄弟的贴子,整理了一下,并作了个示例,希望会对大家有帮助。
内容如下:
1、oracle支持对日期进行运算
2、日期运算时是以天为单位进行的
3、当需要以分秒等更小的单位算值时,按时间进制进行转换即可
4、进行时间进制转换时注意加括号(见示例中红色括号),否则会出问题
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss'; |
会话已更改。
SQL> set serverout on SQL> declare 2 DateValue date; 3 begin 4 select sysdate into DateValue from dual; 5 dbms_output.put_line('源时间:'||to_char(DateValue)); 6 dbms_output.put_line('源时间减1天:'||to_char(DateValue-1)); 7 dbms_output.put_line('源时间减1天1小时:'||to_char(DateValue-1-1/24)); 8 dbms_output.put_line('源时间减1天1小时1分:'||to_char(DateValue-1-1/24-1/(24*60))); 9 dbms_output.put_line('源时间减1天1小时1分1秒:'||to_char(DateValue-1-1/24-1/(24*60)-1/(24*60*6 0))); 10 end; 11 / |
源时间:2003-12-29 11:53:41
源时间减1天:2003-12-28 11:53:41
源时间减1天1小时:2003-12-28 10:53:41
源时间减1天1小时1分:2003-12-28 10:52:41
源时间减1天1小时1分1秒:2003-12-28 10:52:40
PL/SQL 过程已成功完成。
SQL>