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J2ME与Web Service-KSOAP快速上手


  摘要
  
  本文用一个简明的例子,阐述了如何在手机上用KSOAP API来访问本地服务器上的Web Service。并且给出了详细的操作步骤和全部的Server,Client源代码。
  
  1. 服务端
  
  这次要发布的web service非常简单。它的功能是把从客户端传入的字符串中的小写字母转变成大写字母,再返回给客户端。Soap 服务器采用apache的AXIS(可以从http://ws.apache.org/axis/下载),应用服务器可以选用各种servlet 容器,我这里采用的是weblogic。
  
  1.1 实现类的源代码
  
  // StringProcessor.java
  package com.jagie.j2me.ws;
  
  public class StringProcessor {
  public StringProcessor() {
  }
  
  public String process(String name){
  return name.toUpperCase();
  }
  
  }
  
  1.2 发布步骤
  
  1.准备一个目录作为web application的发布目录,我这里的这个目录叫jagiews,这个目录的全路径中最好不要有空格和中文。我的发布目录结构如下:
  
 

  2.编译StringProcessor.java,把生成的StringProcessor.class置于: \jagiews\WEB-INF\classes\com\jagie\j2me\ws目录下。
  
  3.在jagiews\WEB-INF\lib 文件夹中置入以下axis服务器需要的jar文件
  axis.jar,axis-ant.jar,commons-discovery.jar,commons-logging.jar,jaxrpc.jar,log4j-1.2.8.jar,saaj.jar ,wsdl4j.jar。这些文件可以在http://ws.apache.org/axis/下载,如图所示:
  
 

  4.在jagiews\WEB-INF目录下增加2个发布描述文件:server-config.wsdd,web.xml。
  
  #server-config.wsdd
  
  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <deployment xmlns="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/"
  xmlns:java="http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/providers/java">
  <globalConfiguration>
  <parameter name="adminPassword" value="admin"/>
  <parameter name="attachments.Directory" value="C:\Program Files
  \Apache Tomcat 4.0\webapps\axis\WEB-INF\attachments"/>
  <parameter name="attachments.implementation"
  value="org.apache.axis.attachments.AttachmentsImpl"/>
  <parameter name="sendXsiTypes" value="true"/>
  <parameter name="sendMultiRefs" value="true"/>
  <parameter name="sendXMLDeclaration" value="true"/>
  <parameter name="axis.sendMinimizedElements" value="true"/>
  <requestFlow>
  <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.JWSHandler">
  <parameter name="scope" value="session"/>
  </handler>
  <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.JWSHandler">
  <parameter name="scope" value="request"/>
  <parameter name="extension" value=".jwr"/>
  </handler>
  </requestFlow>
  </globalConfiguration>
  <handler name="LocalResponder"
  type="java:org.apache.axis.transport.local.LocalResponder"/>
  <handler name="URLMapper"
  type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.URLMapper"/>
  <handler name="RPCDispatcher"
  type="java:org.apache.axis.providers.java.RPCProvider"/>
  <handler name="Authenticate"
  type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.SimpleAuthenticationHandler"/>
  <handler name="MsgDispatcher"
  type="java:org.apache.axis.providers.java.MsgProvider"/>
  <service name="AdminService" provider="java:MSG">
  <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="AdminService"/>
  <parameter name="enableRemoteAdmin" value="false"/>
  <parameter name="className" value="org.apache.axis.utils.Admin"/>
  <namespace>http://xml.apache.org/axis/wsdd/</namespace>
  </service>
  <service name="Version" provider="java:RPC">
  <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="getVersion"/>
  <parameter name="className" value="org.apache.axis.Version"/>
  </service>
  <!-- your service begin-->
  <service name="StringProcess" provider="java:RPC">
  <parameter name="allowedMethods" value="process"/>
  <parameter name="className"
  value="com.jagie.j2me.ws.StringProcessor"/>
  </service>
  <!-- your service end -->
  <transport name="http">
  <requestFlow>
  <handler type="URLMapper"/>
  <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.handlers.http.HTTPAuthHandler"/>
  </requestFlow>
  </transport>
  <transport name="local">
  <responseFlow>
  <handler type="java:org.apache.axis.transport.local.LocalResponder"/>
  </responseFlow>
  </transport>
  </deployment>
  
  # web.xml
  
  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
  
  <!DOCTYPE web-app
  PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
  "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-app_2.2.dtd">
  
  <web-app>
  <display-name>Apache-Axis</display-name>
  <servlet>
  <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
  <display-name>Apache-Axis Servlet</display-name>
  <servlet-class>
  org.apache.axis.transport.http.AxisServlet
  </servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  
  <servlet>
  <servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name>
  <display-name>Axis Admin Servlet</display-name>
  <servlet-class>
  org.apache.axis.transport.http.AdminServlet
  </servlet-class>
  <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  
  <servlet>
  <servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name>
  <display-name>SOAPMonitorService</display-name>
  <servlet-class>
  org.apache.axis.monitor.SOAPMonitorService
  </servlet-class>
  <init-param>
  <param-name>SOAPMonitorPort</param-name>
  <param-value>5001</param-value>
  </init-param>
  <load-on-startup>100</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  
  <servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/servlet/AxisServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
  <servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>*.jws</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
  <servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>AxisServlet</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/services/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
  <servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>SOAPMonitorService</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/SOAPMonitor</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  
  <!-- uncomment this if you want the admin servlet -->
  <!--
  <servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>AdminServlet</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/servlet/AdminServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  -->
  
  <!-- currently the W3C havent settled on a media type for WSDL;
  http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-wsdl12-20030303/#ietf-draft
  for now we go with the basic 'it's XML' response -->
  <mime-mapping>
  <extension>wsdl</extension>
  <mime-type>text/xml</mime-type>
  </mime-mapping>
  <mime-mapping>
  <extension>xsd</extension>
  <mime-type>text/xml</mime-type>
  </mime-mapping>
  </web-app>
  
  5.开启你的application server,把目录jagiews发布为一个名叫jagiews的web application。
  
  6.测试:打开浏览器,输入网址(这里使用的是weblogic,其他的服务器请酌情修改):
  
  http://localhost:7001/jagiews/services/StringProcess?method=process&name=qqqq,
  
  如果浏览器能在返回的xml文档中显示字符串"QQQQ",恭喜你,你的web service发布成功了。如果发布不成功,请按以上发布步骤检查一下。
  
  2. 客户端
  
  客户端自然是用MIDlet了,不过用什么方式来访问web service呢?其实有3种访问方
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