首先,先给出一个比较基本的处理xml文件的程序。你不必细看,直接跳过即可。需要时可以返回来看。
Echo01.java
import java.io.*;
import org.xml.sax.*;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
public class Echo01 extends DefaultHandler
{
StringBuffer textBuffer;
public static void main(String argv[])
{
if (argv.length != 1) {
System.err.println("Usage: cmd filename");
System.exit(1);
}
// Use an instance of ourselves as the SAX event handler
DefaultHandler handler = new Echo01();
// Use the default (non-validating) parser
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
try {
// Set up output stream
out = new OutputStreamWriter(System.out, "UTF-8");
// Parse the input
SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();
saxParser.parse( new File(argv[0]), handler);
} catch (Throwable t) {
t.printStackTrace();
}
System.exit(0);
}
static private Writer out;
//===========================================================
// SAX DocumentHandler methods
//===========================================================
public void startDocument()
throws SAXException
{
emit("");
nl();
}
public void endDocument()
throws SAXException
{
try {
nl();
out.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new SAXException("I/O error", e);
}
}
public void startElement(String namespaceURI,
String sName, // simple name
String qName, // qualified name
Attributes attrs)
throws SAXException
{
echoText();
String eName = sName; // element name
if ("".equals(eName)) eName = qName; // not namespaceAware
emit("<"+eName);
if (attrs != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < attrs.getLength(); i++) {
String aName = attrs.getLocalName(i); // Attr name
if ("".equals(aName)) aName = attrs.getQName(i);
emit(" ");
emit(aName+"=\""+attrs.getValue(i)+"\"");
}
}
emit(">");
}
public void endElement(String namespaceURI,
String sName, // simple name
String qName // qualified name
)
throws SAXException
{
echoText();
String eName = sName; // element name
if ("".equals(eName)) eName = qName; // not namespaceAware
emit("");
}
public void characters(char buf[], int offset, int len)
throws SAXException
{
String s = new String(buf, offset, len);
if (textBuffer == null) {
textBuffer = new StringBuffer(s);
} else {
textBuffer.append(s);
}
}
//===========================================================
// Utility Methods ...
//===========================================================
// Display text accumulated in the character buffer
private void echoText()
throws SAXException
{
if (textBuffer == null) return;
String s = ""+textBuffer;
emit(s);
textBuffer = null;
}
// Wrap I/O exceptions in SAX exceptions, to
// suit handler signature requirements
private void emit(String s)
throws SAXException
{
try {
out.write(s);
out.flush();
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new SAXException("I/O error", e);
}
}
// Start a new line
private void nl()
throws SAXException
{
String lineEnd = System.getProperty("line.separator");
try {
out.write(lineEnd);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new SAXException("I/O error", e);
}
}
}
从程序中可以看出,解析一个XML文件的核心语句是下面一部分:
// Use an instance of ourselves as the SAX event handler
DefaultHandler handler = new Echo01();
// Use the default (non-validating) parser
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
try {
// Set up output stream
out = new OutputStreamWriter(System.out, "UTF-8");
// Parse the input
SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser();
saxParser.parse( new File(argv[0]), handler);
} catch (Throwable t) {
t.printStackTrace();
}
先是创建一个SAXParserFactory工厂类的实例,然后通过SAXParser saxParser = factory.newSAXParser(); 这个工厂类的方法创建了一个saxParser。将xml文件(new File(argv[0]))和一个Sax Event Handler(handler)(在这个程序里面,这个Handler其实是本身这个类,这个类继承了org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler 这个类,并且在前面初始化了它:DefaultHandler handler = new Echo01(); )传递给它,让它进行解析。
关于xml文件的解析过程中的处理全部在Handler里面实现。一般Parser接受的是DefaultHandler或者HandlerBase这两个类。 这个例子里面的类是继承DefaultHandler这个虚类的。看下图:
而DefaultHandler是实现了EntityResolver, DTDHandler, ContentHandler, ErrorHandler四个接口的虚类。分别定义了如下的方法:
不同的方法,在不同的时候被Parser调用,(这个不同的时候就是Event-based)
详细介绍:(暂略)
DefualtHandler的UML图如下: