首先我们给树下一个定义: 树是一个有限的、非空的结点集, T={r} or T1 or T2 or…or Tn
它具有下列性质:
1.集合指定的结点r叫做树的根结点
2.其余的结点可以划分成n个子集,T1,T2,…Tn(n>=0),其中每一个子集都是一棵树。
树的其它定义如度,叶子,高等就请大家查阅别的资料吧,到处都有的。
树的主要性质一个就是遍历,分为深度遍历和广度遍历
在这里分别实现为DepthFirstTravesal()和WidthFirstTravesal()
其中深度遍历又分为前序遍历、中序遍历、和后序遍历 ,这是是采用适配器技术实现的。
using System;
using System.Collections;
namespace DataStructure
{
/// <summary>
/// Tree 的摘要说明。
/// when traverse, traversaltype can't be changed,or throw a exception
/// 支持枚举、比较、深度复制
/// </summary>
public abstract class Tree:IEnumerable,IComparable
{
public Tree()
{
//
// TODO: 在此处添加构造函数逻辑
//
}
protected Queue keyqueue=new Queue();//仅仅用于枚举时存放数据,不参与Equals实现中的比较
protected TraversalType traversaltype=TraversalType.Breadth;// choose a traversal type,and DepthFirst is default
//protected uint degree=0;//degree of the tree, init it as 0
//protected uint height=0;//height of the tree, init it as 0
//枚举不同的遍历类型
public enum TraversalType
{
Breadth=1,//广度遍历
PreDepth=2,//前序遍历
InDepth=3,//中序遍历
PostDepth=4//后序遍历
};
//public virtual abstract object Key{}
public abstract Tree this[uint _index]{get;set;}//if I only use get, can I change it later?
public abstract object Key{get;}
public abstract uint Degree{get;}
//public abstract uint Height{get;}
public void SetTraversalType(TraversalType _type){traversaltype=_type;}//set a traversal a type, if it's not set manually, DepthFirst will be chosen in default
public abstract bool IsEmpty();// property takes the place of IsEmpty()
public abstract bool IsLeaf();
//Only Visit, needn't queue
public virtual void DepthFirstTraversal(IPrePostVisitor _vis)//middle depthfirst traversal
{
//通过_vis使用不同的访问者来进行前序、后序、中序遍历
if(!IsEmpty())
{
_vis.PreVisit(this.Key);
if( this.Degree>=1 )
{
if( this.Degree>=2)
{
for(uint i=0;i<(this.Degree-1);i++)//
{
this[i].DepthFirstTraversal(_vis);//recursive call
//_vis.Visit(this.Key);
}
}
this[this.Degree-1].DepthFirstTraversal(_vis);
}
_vis.PostVisit(this.Key);
}
}
public virtual void BreadthFirstTraversal(IVisitor _vis)//breadth first traversal
{
Queue tmpQueue=new Queue();//used to help BreadthFirstTraversal
//this.keyqueue=new Queue();//store keys
if(!this.IsEmpty())
tmpQueue.Enqueue(this);//enqueue the root node at first
while(tmpQueue.Count!=0)//until the number of the queue is zero
{
Tree headTree=(Tree)tmpQueue.Dequeue();
//this.keyqueue.Enqueue(headTree.Key);
_vis.Visit(headTree.Key);
for(uint i=0;i<headTree.Degree;i++)
{
Tree childTree=headTree[i];
if(!childTree.IsEmpty())
tmpQueue.Enqueue(childTree);
}
}
}
public class InOrder:IPrePostVisitor
{
private IVisitor visitor;
public InOrder(IVisitor _vis){visitor=_vis;}
#region IPrePostVisitor 成员
public void PreVisit(object _obj)
{
// TODO: 添加 InOrder.PreVisit 实现
}
public void Visit(object _obj)
{
// TODO: 添加 InOrder.Visit 实现
this.visitor.Visit(_obj);
}
public void PostVisit(object _obj)
{
// TODO: 添加 InOrder.PostVisitor 实现
}
#endregion
}
public class PostOrder:IPrePostVisitor
{
private IVisitor visitor;
public PostOrder(IVisitor _vis){visitor=_vis;}
#region IPrePostVisitor 成员
public void PreVisit(object _obj)
{
// TODO: 添加 PostOrder.PreVisit 实现
}
public void Visit(object _obj)
{
// TODO: 添加 PostOrder.Visit 实现
}
public void PostVisit(object _obj)
{
// TODO: 添加 PostOrder.PostVisitor 实现
this.visitor.Visit(_obj);
}
#endregion
}
protected class EnumVisitor:IVisitor
{
Queue thisQueue;
public EnumVisitor(Queue _que)
{
this.thisQueue=_que;
}
#region IVisitor 成员
public void Visit(object _obj)
{
// TODO: 添加 EnumVisitor.Visit 实现
this.thisQueue.Enqueue(_obj);
}
#endregion
}
#region IEnumerable 成员
public IEnumerator GetEnumerator()
{
// TODO: 添加 Tree.GetEnumerator 实现
EnumVisitor vis=new EnumVisitor(this.keyqueue);
switch (this.traversaltype)
{
case TraversalType.Breadth:
BreadthFirstTraversal(vis);
break;
case TraversalType.PreDepth:
PreOrder preVis=new PreOrder(vis);
DepthFirstTraversal(preVis);
break;
case TraversalType.InDepth:
InOrder inVis=new InOrder(vis);
DepthFirstTraversal(inVis);
break;
case TraversalType.PostDepth:
PostOrder postVis=new PostOrder(vis);
DepthFirstTraversal(postVis);
break;
default:
Console.WriteLine("WARNING:please set a travel type first!--void SetTraversalType(TraversalType _type) ");
//throw new Exception("WARNING:please set a travel type first!");//if not set a type, a exception will happen
break;
}
return this.keyqueue.GetEnumerator();
}
#endregion
//overwrite Object.Equals() --- reference type realization