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Asp.Net页面执行流程分析

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    在我的上一篇文章中说到了HttpModule、HttpHandle的简单使用,我们可以利用它们在页面请求的过程中加入自己的事件处理程序。那么在一个aspx页面请求时后台到底做了什么?当然asp.net做了很多事情,过程也比较复杂,本文主要分析一下大体的流程。总体流程如下:
请求一个页面时首先被WWW服务截获(inetinfo.exe进程),这个进程首先判断页面的后缀,然后根据IIS中的配置来决定调用哪个扩展程序,比如aspx的页面就会调用c:\windows\microsoft.net\framework\v2.0.50727\aspnet_isapi.dll,aspnet_isapi.dll将请求发送给w3wp.exe进程(我们在调试IIS中网站时就是把VS2005附加到这个进程上的)。
接下来w3wp.exe进程就会调用.net类库进行具体处理:
ISAPIRuntime-->HttpRuntime-->HttpApplicationFactory-->HttpApplication-->HttpModule--HttpHandlerFactory-->HttpHandler 这也是本文主要分析的地方。

下面只是列出主要流程,如果喜欢钻研的同学可以用Reflector去查看
一:ISAPIRuntime
       bool useOOP = iWRType == 1;
        wr = ISAPIWorkerRequest.CreateWorkerRequest(ecb, useOOP);
        wr.Initialize();
        string appPathTranslated = wr.GetAppPathTranslated();
        string appDomainAppPathInternal = HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppPathInternal;
        if ((appDomainAppPathInternal == null) || StringUtil.EqualsIgnoreCase(appPathTranslated, appDomainAppPathInternal))
        {
            HttpRuntime.ProcessRequestNoDemand(wr);
            return 0;
        }
        HttpRuntime.ShutdownAppDomain(ApplicationShutdownReason.PhysicalApplicationPathChanged, SR.GetString("Hosting_Phys_Path_Changed", new object[] { appDomainAppPathInternal, appPathTranslated }));
        return 1;
它的主要作用是调用一些非托管代码生成HttpWorkerRequest对象,该对象包含当前请求的所有信息,然后传递给HttpRuntime,这里生成的HttpWorkerRequest对象可以直接在我们的页面中调用的,通过它取得原始的请求信息:
            IServiceProvider provider = (IServiceProvider)HttpContext.Current;
            HttpWorkerRequest wr = (HttpWorkerRequest)provider.GetService(typeof(HttpWorkerRequest));

二:HttpRuntime
最主要的就是private void ProcessRequestInternal(HttpWorkerRequest wr)方法:         context = new HttpContext(wr, false);

        IHttpHandler applicationInstance = HttpApplicationFactory.GetApplicationInstance(context);

  IHttpAsyncHandler handler2 = (IHttpAsyncHandler) applicationInstance;
  context.AsyncAppHandler = handler2;
  handler2.BeginProcessRequest(context, this._handlerCompletionCallback, context);
        1、根据HttpWorkerRequest对象生成HttpContext,HttpContext应该大家都很熟悉的,它包含request、response等属性,在页面中经常会用到的;
2、调用HttpApplicationFactory来生成IHttpHandler(这里生成的是一个默认的HttpApplication对象,HttpApplication也是IHttpHandler接口的一个实现)
3、调用HttpApplication对象执行请求
三:HttpApplicationFactory
正如2.2中所提到的,这里主要是生成一个HttpApplication对象:


 internal static string GetApplicationFile()
 {
     return Path.Combine(HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppPathInternal, "global.asax");
 }
首先会查看是否存在global.asax文件,如果有的话就用它来生成HttpApplication对象,从这里我们可以看到global.asax的文件名是在asp.net的框架中写死的,不能修改的。如果这个文件不存在就使用默认的对象。
创建好HttpApplication之后对它进行初始化:
    application = (HttpApplication) HttpRuntime.CreateNonPublicInstance(this._theApplicationType);
 using (ApplicationImpersonationContext context2 = new ApplicationImpersonationContext())
 {
     application.InitInternal(context, this._state, this._eventHandlerMethods);
 }
 四、HttpApplication
这个是比较复杂也比较重要的一个对象
首先是执行初始化操作,比较重要的一步就是进行HttpModule的初始化:         private void InitModules()
        {
            this._moduleCollection = RuntimeConfig.GetAppConfig().HttpModules.CreateModules();
            this.InitModulesCommon();
        }它会读取web.config中所有HttpModule的配置
在HookupEventHandlersForApplicationAndModules方法中绑定Module的事件处理程序接着进行事件实际绑定:
 if (HttpRuntime.UseIntegratedPipeline)
 {
     this._stepManager = new PipelineStepManager(this);
 }
 else
 {
     this._stepManager = new ApplicationStepManager(this);
 }
 this._stepManager.BuildSteps(this._resumeStepsWaitCallback);
在ApplicationStepManager的BuildSteps方法中可以看到事件的绑定执行顺序:


app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventBeginRequest, steps);
 app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventAuthenticateRequest, steps);
 app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventDefaultAuthentication, steps);
 app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventPostAuthenticateRequest, steps);
 app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventAuthorizeRequest, steps);
 app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventPostAuthorizeRequest, steps);
 app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventResolveRequestCache, steps);
 app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventPostResolveRequestCache, steps);
 steps.Add(new HttpApplication.MapHandlerExecutionStep(app));
 app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventPostMapRequestHandler, steps);
 app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventAcquireRequestState, steps);
 app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventPostAcquireRequestState, steps);
 app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventPreRequestHandlerExecute, steps);
 steps.Add(new HttpApplication.CallHandlerExecutionStep(app));
 app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventPostRequestHandlerExecute, steps);
 app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventReleaseRequestState, steps);
 app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventPostReleaseRequestState, steps);
 steps.Add(new HttpApplication.CallFilterExecutionStep(app));
 app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventUpdateRequestCache, steps);
 app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventPostUpdateRequestCache, steps);
 this._endRequestStepIndex = steps.Count;
 app.CreateEventExecutionSteps(HttpApplication.EventEndRequest, steps);
 steps.Add(new HttpApplication.NoopExecutionStep());
注意上面红色标注的MapHandlerExecutionStep(读取所有的HttpHandler配置)、CallHandlerExecutionStep就是对Handle程序进行处理的,也就是说在web.config中配置的HttpHandler都是在这里进行处理的,执行顺序如上所示

然后就是调用2.3中的方法执行请求:
Code
        IAsyncResult IHttpAsyncHandler.BeginProcessRequest(HttpContext context, AsyncCallback cb, object extraData)
        {
            this._context = context;
            this._context.ApplicationInstance = this;
            this._stepManager.InitRequest();
            this._context.Root();
            HttpAsyncResult result = new HttpAsyncResult(cb, extraData);
            this.AsyncResult = result;
            if (this._context.TraceIsEnabled)
            {
                HttpRuntime.Profile.StartRequest(this._context);
            }
            this.ResumeSteps(null);
            return result;
        }
在ResumeSteps中就是执行事件处理程序。

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